2022RECOVERY-RSOxygenation strategyIn 1,273 patients with COVID-19 acute hypoxaemic failure, CPAP reduced intubation or death versus conventional oxygen, while HFNO did not.
2019ROSENeuromuscular blockadeIn 1,006 patients with moderate–severe ARDS on high PEEP, early cisatracurium did not reduce 90-day mortality versus light sedation.
2018EOLIAECMOIn 249 patients with very severe ARDS, early VV-ECMO did not significantly reduce 60-day mortality versus conventional ventilation with rescue ECMO.
2015FLORALIOxygenation strategyIn 310 patients with acute non-hypercapnic hypoxaemic respiratory failure, high-flow nasal oxygen improved 90-day mortality compared with standard oxygen or NIV.
2013PROSEVAProne positioningIn 466 patients with severe ARDS (P/F <150), early prone positioning ≥16 h/day reduced 28-day mortality compared with supine ventilation.
2013OSCILLATEHFOVIn 548 patients with moderate–severe ARDS, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation increased in-hospital mortality compared with low-tidal-volume ventilation.
2010ACURASYSNeuromuscular blockadeIn 340 patients with severe ARDS within 48 hours, 48-hour cisatracurium infusion reduced 90-day mortality compared with placebo.
2009CESARECMOIn 180 patients with severe respiratory failure, transfer to an ECMO centre improved 6-month survival without severe disability versus continued conventional care.
2006FACTTFluid strategyIn 1,000 patients with ARDS, a conservative fluid strategy did not change 60-day mortality versus a liberal strategy, but increased ventilator-free days.
2004ALVEOLIPEEP strategyIn 549 patients with ARDS, a higher PEEP strategy did not reduce in-hospital mortality compared with a lower PEEP strategy.
2000ARMALung-protective ventilationIn 861 patients with ARDS, 6 mL/kg tidal-volume ventilation reduced in-hospital mortality compared with 12 mL/kg.