2018TARGETCaloric targetsIn 3,957 mechanically ventilated ICU patients, energy-dense formula (1.5 kcal/mL) did not change 90-day mortality versus standard (1.0 kcal/mL).
2018NUTRIREA-2EN vs PNIn 2,410 ventilated patients on vasopressors, early enteral nutrition did not change 28-day mortality versus early parenteral nutrition, but caused more bowel ischaemia.
2014CALORIESEN vs PNIn 2,400 critically ill adults, early parenteral nutrition did not change 30-day mortality compared with early enteral nutrition.
2011EPaNICParenteral nutritionIn 4,640 ICU patients with insufficient enteral intake, late parenteral nutrition (after day 7) accelerated live ICU discharge compared with early parenteral nutrition.
2009NICE-SUGARGlucose controlIn 6,104 ICU patients, intensive glucose control (81–108 mg/dL) increased 90-day mortality versus conventional (<180 mg/dL), with much more severe hypoglycaemia.