2024FLOWGLP-1 RAIn 3,533 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, semaglutide reduced the composite of kidney failure, ≥50% eGFR decline or renal/CV death compared with placebo.
2023EMPA-KIDNEYSGLT2 inhibitorsIn 6,609 patients across a broad spectrum of CKD, empagliflozin reduced kidney-disease progression or cardiovascular death compared with placebo.
2021FIGARO-DKDNonsteroidal MRAIn 7,437 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, finerenone reduced the cardiovascular composite compared with placebo.
2020DAPA-CKDSGLT2 inhibitorsIn 4,304 patients with CKD with or without diabetes, dapagliflozin reduced the composite of ≥50% eGFR decline, ESKD or renal/CV death compared with placebo.
2020FIDELIO-DKDNonsteroidal MRAIn 5,734 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, finerenone reduced the composite of kidney failure, ≥40% eGFR decline or renal death compared with placebo.
2019CREDENCESGLT2 inhibitorsIn 4,401 patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric CKD on maximal RAS blockade, canagliflozin reduced the composite of ESKD, creatinine doubling or renal/CV death compared with placebo.
2019SONAREndothelin antagonistsIn 2,648 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD selected for response, atrasentan reduced the composite of creatinine doubling or ESKD compared with placebo.
2017SPRINT-CKDBlood-pressure targetsIn 2,646 participants with chronic kidney disease, an intensive systolic-BP target below 120 mmHg reduced all-cause mortality compared with a target below 140 mmHg.
2013VA NEPHRON-DRAAS blockadeIn 1,448 patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric CKD, dual blockade with losartan plus lisinopril did not reduce the renal composite compared with losartan alone.
2002AASKRAAS blockadeIn 1,094 Black patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis, ramipril slowed kidney-disease progression compared with amlodipine or metoprolol.
2001RENAALRAAS blockadeIn 1,513 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, losartan reduced the composite of creatinine doubling, ESRD or death compared with placebo.
2001IDNTRAAS blockadeIn 1,715 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, irbesartan reduced progression of the renal composite compared with amlodipine or placebo.
1997REINRAAS blockadeIn 352 patients with non-diabetic proteinuric chronic kidney disease, ramipril slowed GFR decline and progression to ESRD compared with placebo.
1993Captopril-DNRAAS blockadeIn 409 patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, captopril reduced doubling of serum creatinine compared with placebo.