2025APPLAUSE-IgANIgA nephropathyIn 250 patients with IgA nephropathy and persistent proteinuria, the factor-B inhibitor iptacopan reduced proteinuria compared with placebo.
2023NefIgArdIgA nephropathyIn 364 patients with IgA nephropathy on optimised RAS blockade, targeted-release budesonide preserved eGFR and reduced proteinuria compared with placebo.
2023PROTECTIgA nephropathyIn 404 patients with IgA nephropathy and proteinuria despite maximal RAS blockade, sparsentan reduced proteinuria compared with irbesartan.
2023DUPLEXFSGSIn 371 patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, sparsentan reduced proteinuria but did not significantly improve eGFR slope compared with irbesartan.
2021AURORA 1Lupus nephritisIn 357 patients with active lupus nephritis, adding voclosporin to MMF and low-dose steroids increased complete renal response at week 52 compared with placebo.
2021ADVOCATEANCA vasculitisIn 331 patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis, the oral C5a-receptor antagonist avacopan improved sustained remission at week 52 compared with a tapering prednisone regimen.
2020BLISS-LNLupus nephritisIn 448 patients with active lupus nephritis, adding belimumab to standard therapy increased renal response at week 104 compared with placebo.
2020PEXIVASANCA vasculitisIn 704 patients with severe ANCA-associated vasculitis, plasma exchange did not reduce death or end-stage kidney disease compared with no plasma exchange.
2019MENTORMembranous nephropathyIn 130 patients with membranous nephropathy at moderate-to-high risk, rituximab achieved more complete or partial remission at 24 months than cyclosporine.
2010RAVEANCA vasculitisIn 197 patients with severe ANCA-associated vasculitis, rituximab was non-inferior for inducing remission compared with cyclophosphamide.
2009ALMSLupus nephritisIn 370 patients with active lupus nephritis, mycophenolate mofetil was non-inferior for induction response and superior for maintenance versus cyclophosphamide then azathioprine.
1984PonticelliMembranous nephropathyIn 62 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, alternating monthly methylprednisolone and a cytotoxic agent increased remission of nephrotic syndrome compared with supportive care.