2023CLOVERSFluid strategyIn 1,563 patients with sepsis-induced hypotension after 1–3 L fluid, a restrictive-fluid strategy with early vasopressors did not change 90-day mortality compared with a liberal-fluid strategy.
2018PHANTASiIn2672 adults with suspected sepsis,prehospital ceftriaxone in the ambulancedid not reduce28-day all-cause mortalitycompared withusual care.
2015ProMISeResuscitation bundlesIn 1,260 UK patients with early septic shock, EGDT did not reduce 90-day all-cause mortality compared with usual care, and increased ICU length of stay.
2014ProCESSResuscitation bundlesIn 1,341 patients with early septic shock, protocol-based EGDT or protocol-based standard care did not reduce 60-day in-hospital mortality compared with usual care.
2014ARISEResuscitation bundlesIn 1,600 patients with early septic shock, EGDT did not change 90-day all-cause mortality versus usual care.
2014SEPSISPAMMAP targetsIn 776 patients with septic shock, targeting MAP 80–85 mm Hg did not change 28-day mortality versus MAP 65–70 mm Hg, but reduced renal-replacement therapy in chronic hypertension.
2011FEASTIn 3170 African children with severe febrile illness and impaired perfusion, fluid boluses increased 48-hour mortality compared with no bolus.