2009Magill CBT MAMeta-analysisAcross 53 RCTs of CBT for substance use, cognitive behavioural therapy produced a small overall effect on substance use relative to comparator conditions.
2006COMBINEAlcoholIn 1,383 adults with alcohol dependence, medical management plus naltrexone or combined behavioural intervention reduced heavy-drinking days relative to placebo or acamprosate, with no additive effect.
2004Carroll CBTCocaineIn cocaine-dependent adults (with and without alcohol misuse), CBT-relapse prevention with disulfiram produced larger 12-month abstinence than clinical management or single-modality treatment.
1999Irvin RP MAMeta-analysisAcross 26 studies and 9,504 substance-use patients, Marlatt-style relapse prevention produced small substance-use effects but substantial functional gains relative to comparator therapies.
1997Project MATCHAlcoholIn 1,726 adults with alcohol use disorder, CBT, motivational enhancement therapy or twelve-step facilitation (12 weeks) produced equivalent drinking outcomes over 1-year follow-up.