2025SUMMITObesity & HFpEFIn 731 patients with HFpEF and obesity, tirzepatide reduced cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure compared with placebo.
2025SURPASS-CVOTGIP/GLP-1 RAIn 13,299 patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, tirzepatide was non-inferior for major adverse cardiovascular events compared with dulaglutide (HR 0.92, 95.3% CI 0.83-1.01).
2025SOULoral GLP-1 RAIn 9,650 patients with type 2 diabetes and ASCVD, CKD, or both, oral semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events compared with placebo (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96).
2025SURMOUNT-5GIP/GLP-1 RAIn 751 adults with obesity but without type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide reduced body weight at 72 weeks more than semaglutide (-20.2% vs -13.7%).
2024FLOWGLP-1 RAIn 3,533 patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD, semaglutide reduced the composite of kidney failure, ≥50% eGFR decline or renal/CV death compared with placebo.
2023SELECTGLP-1 RAIn 17,604 patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease but without diabetes, semaglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events compared with placebo.
2021STEP 1Semaglutide for obesityIn 1,961 adults with overweight or obesity without type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly reduced body weight at 68 weeks compared with placebo.
2020DAPA-CKDSGLT2 inhibitorsIn 4,304 patients with CKD with or without diabetes, dapagliflozin reduced the composite of ≥50% eGFR decline, ESKD or renal/CV death compared with placebo.
2019DECLARE-TIMI 58SGLT2 inhibitorsIn 17,160 patients with type 2 diabetes, dapagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death or heart-failure hospitalisation compared with placebo.
2019CREDENCESGLT2 inhibitorsIn 4,401 patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric CKD on maximal RAS blockade, canagliflozin reduced the composite of ESKD, creatinine doubling or renal/CV death compared with placebo.
2016LEADERGLP-1 RAIn 9,340 patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, liraglutide reduced major adverse cardiovascular events compared with placebo.
2016SUSTAIN-6CV outcome trialIn 3,297 patients with T2DM at high CV risk, subcutaneous semaglutide 0.5 or 1.0 mg weekly reduced CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke versus placebo.
2015EMPA-REG OUTCOMESGLT2 inhibitorsIn 7,020 patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death compared with placebo.