CHOIR
Correction of Hemoglobin and Outcomes in Renal Insufficiency
Patient / Population Intervention / Exposure Comparison Outcome
In 1,432 patients with CKD and anaemia, targeting a higher haemoglobin with epoetin increased cardiovascular events compared with a lower haemoglobin target.
N
1,432
Design
RCT, stopped early
Endpoint
Composite of death, MI, HF hospitalisation or stroke
Relevance
2
ResultHR 1.34 (95% CI 1.03–1.74; p=0.03) for the higher target.
Singh AK, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(20):2085-2098. 10.1056/NEJMoa065485
Discussion & critique
Showed that fully normalising haemoglobin is harmful; reframed anaemia targets in CKD.