KDIGO 2026 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Published in January 2026, this guideline finally replaces the 2012 anaemia document. Two things have changed in the interval: intravenous iron has been rehabilitated — proactive, higher-dose iron in haemodialysis is now the default rather than a reactive top-up — and a new drug class, the HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors, has arrived as an oral alternative to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. The haemoglobin ceiling that the ESA trials established remains: correcting towards normal haemoglobin causes harm. The register's trials behind each of these positions are grouped below.
This guideline cites 5 of the 58 landmark trials in our Nephrology register.
ESA therapy & haemoglobin targets3
- 2009TREATNephrology · Dialysis · Anaemia managementTrial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy
- 2006CHOIRNephrology · Dialysis · Anaemia managementCorrection of Hemoglobin and Outcomes in Renal Insufficiency
- 2006CREATENephrology · Dialysis · Anaemia managementCardiovascular Risk Reduction by Early Anemia Treatment with Epoetin Beta
Iron therapy1
- 2019PIVOTALNephrology · Dialysis · Iron therapyProactive IV Iron Therapy in Haemodialysis Patients
HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors1
- 2021ASCEND-DNephrology · Dialysis · HIF-PHI anaemiaAnaemia Studies in CKD: Daprodustat — Dialysis